This most famous of all white wine grapes is believed by some to have originated in Asia Minor. Others say it may have been a mutation of Pinot Noir. France has 34 official clones, some are suited to soils some to productivity and others are selected for quality. The benchmark aroma and flavor is that of ripe apples, with medium-to full body.While the best examples of cool-climate chardonnay wines can develop a depth of flavor which can make for a truly memorable experience. In the 70's and early 80's the style veered sharply from outrageously rich and full blown to meagerly early picked . Some producers now prefer using stainless steel throughout the production process; others use oak barrels from beginning to end.

Positive aspects

Easily grown in a wide range of climates

High yields are possible

Reliably high ripeness levels

Responds well to a wide range of wine-making techniques
[Barrel fermentation, lees stirring, barrel aging, malolactic fermentation]

A crucial ingredient in sparkling wine production

Ability to age in bottle

When harvested at the right time a good amount of acidity is retained

Regularly attains high price levels for grapes

Negative Aspects

When harvested too late the grape loses its crucial acidity very quickly

Relatively thin skins can lead to rot if there is rain at harvest

Bud break is quite early putting cooler regions at risk from spring frosts

With high yields much of the quality is seriously lessened

Climate zones with recommended grape varieties for California

Region 1- Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Gewurztraminer

Region 2- Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot

Region 3- Zinfandel, Barbera, Syrah, Gamay

Region 4- Thompson Seedless, Malvasia

Region 5- Thompson Seedless, Dessert table grapes